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35th AM (2025) - Poster Session
Investigating the Patterns of Opioid Abuse in Rura ...
Investigating the Patterns of Opioid Abuse in Rural Punjab
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This cross-sectional study investigates opioid use patterns and dependence among rural Punjabi farmers, addressing a significant health issue in Punjab, India, where opioid use prevalence (9.69%) far exceeds the national average (2.06%). Opioid dependence leads to increased healthcare costs, yet only a minority (14%) seek professional treatment. The study focused on natural opioid use, particularly poppy husk and opium, which are prevalent but understudied, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged rural populations.<br /><br />Data were collected from 201 male participants attending a medical camp at the Khanauri protest site over 2.5 months, using semi-structured interviews including the Rapid Opioid Dependence Screen (RODS). Findings revealed that 37.3% had used opioids in their lifetime, but only 11.4% met dependence criteria. The most common opioids used were poppy husk (72%) and opium (68%). Withdrawal symptoms varied widely: nearly half reported minimal symptoms, while a smaller portion experienced severe or unbearable withdrawal.<br /><br />The median age of first opioid use was 22 years, with the current median age at 62. A negative correlation was found between educational level (generally less than primary schooling) and opioid dependence, suggesting higher education may reduce dependence risk. Treatment engagement was low; only 10 participants ever received opioid substitution therapy, with a high relapse rate of 70%.<br /><br />The study highlights a unique pattern of long-term, low-dose opioid use with relatively low dependence levels. It underscores the importance of education and awareness in managing opioid dependence and calls for more formalized treatment approaches tailored to these rural populations. This research fills a critical gap in understanding natural opioid use and dependence in rural Punjab, contributing to more targeted public health strategies in regions with high opioid prevalence.
Keywords
opioid use
opioid dependence
rural Punjabi farmers
poppy husk
opium
Punjab India
Rapid Opioid Dependence Screen
opioid withdrawal symptoms
opioid substitution therapy
education and opioid dependence
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